Mental and Behavioral Health Services Essay Example for Free

Mental and Behavioral Health Services Essay While the eventual fate of Mental and Behavioral Health Services keep on endeavoring through many endeavoring objectives to create ceaseless practices, medicines, assessments, arrangements, and examination, progressions are occurring to better the fate of this program and its effort to the individuals. Mental scatters are normal in the United States and globally. An expected 26.2 percent of Americans ages 18 and more established †around one out of four grown-ups †experience the ill effects of a diagnosable mental issue in a given year.1 When applied to the 2004 U.S. Evaluation private populace gauge for a very long time 18 and more established, this figure meant 57.7 million people.2 Even however mental scatters are basic in the populace, the primary heap of disease is gathered in an a lot littler extent †around 6 percent, or 1 of every 17 †who are experiencing a genuine mental illness.1 likewise, mental disarranges are the main source of handicap in the U.S. also , Canada.3 Many individuals experience the ill effects of more than one mental issue at a given time. Around, 45 percent of those with any psychological issue meet the models for being unequivocally identified with having at least 2 disorders.1 Awareness of having a confusion is exceptional in the U.S. Characterized FUTURE PROBLEMS Conduct wellbeing is a condition of mental/passionate being as well as decisions and activities that influence health. Substance misuse and abuse are one lot of social medical issues. Others incorporate, however are not constrained to, genuine mental pain, self destruction, and dysfunctional behavior (4. SAMHSA, 2011). A significant number of these issues are expansive and negatively affect people, their families and networks, and the more extensive society. Examination permits us to show signs of improvement image of what the future resembles and what individuals should be proceeding to do and enhance. By investigating research, insights anticipate that by 2020, mental and substance use issue will surpass every physical illness as a significant reason for incapacity around the world. The yearly absolute evaluated cultural expense of substance maltreatment in the United States is $510.8 billion, with an expected 23.5 million Americans matured 12 and more established requiring treatment for substance use. Alongside that, consistently very nearly 5,000 individuals younger than 21 bite the dust because of underage drinking and in excess of 34,000 Americans bite the dust each year because of self destruction, just about one like clockwork. Likewise, Half of all lifetime instances of mental and substance use issue start by age 14 and three-fourths by age 24â€in 2008, an expected 9.8 million grown-ups in the U.S. had a genuine psychological instability. The wellbeing and health of people in America are imperiled and the superfluous expenses to society stream across Americas people group, schools, organizations, penitentiaries correctional facilities, and medicinal services conveyance frameworks. Numerous projects and administrations are cooperating to limit the effect of substance misuse and psychological sicknesses on America’s people group. Numerous specialists have a profound understanding way to deal with social wellbeing and see anticipation as a component of a general continuum of care. The Behavioral Health Continuum of Care Model encourages us perceive that there are different open doors for tending to conduct medical issues and scatters dependent on the Mental Health Intervention Spectrum, first presented in a 1994 Institute of Medicine report, the model incorporates these parts: ( It is imperative to remember that mediations don't generally fit perfectly into some class) * Promotion: These methodologies are intended to make situations and conditions that help social wellbeing and the capacity of people to withstand difficulties. Advancement procedures additionally strengthen the whole continuum of conduct wellbeing administrations. * Prevention: Delivered before the beginning of a turmoil, these intercessions are planned to forestall or lessen the danger of building up a social medical issue, for example, underage liquor use, doctor prescribed medication abuse and misuse, and illegal medication use. * Treatment: These administrations are for individuals determined to have a substance use or other social wellbeing issue. * Maintenance: These administrations support individuals’ consistence with long haul treatment and aftercare. Two procedures for advancing the more significant and best openings in approaching mental and social wellbeing administrations incorporate giving training to arrive at people in general, and the counteraction and early intercession matters interlacing with the Continuum model segments of treatment and upkeep. 7 The New Freedom Commission Report and Surgeon General’s Report both accentuated the significance of changing open perspectives to kill the disgrace related with psychological instability. Promoters for the intellectually sick distinguish disgrace and segregation as significant obstacles to treatment. Shame keeps people from recognizing these conditions and disintegrates open certainty that psychological issue are treatable. A majority of Americans accept that psychological sicknesses are much the same as some other ailment; notwithstanding, 25 percent of review respondents would not invite into their neighborhoods offices that treat or house individuals with dysfunctional behaviors, proposing that some degree of waiting shame persists.8 Sixty-one percent of Americans believe that individuals with schizophrenia are probably going to be risky to others9 in spite of exploration recommending that these people are once in a while violent.10 All things considered, the media assumes an enormous job in forming how the young think and carry on from a significant number of the messages kids get from TV, music, magazines, boards, and the Internet use. In any case, the media can be utilized to energize positive practices too. Four proof based correspondence and training anticipation approaches are through state funded instruction, social promoting, media backing, and media education that can be utilized to â€Å"influence network standards, increment open mindfulness, and draw in network support for an assortment of counteraction issues† (SAMHSA). Government funded training is normally the most well-known technique and is a powerful method to demonstrate backing to the turn of events and accomplishment of projects and increment mindfulness about new or existing laws, publicizing a network based program, and strengthen guidance educated in schools or network based associations. Through social showcasing, experts use publicizing ways of thinking to change accepted practices and advance sound practices. Social advertising efforts accomplish something beyond give data and attempts to persuade individuals to embrace another conduct by indicating them an advantage they will get in return.11 Social promoting efforts are being utilized in an assortment of social administrations and general wellbeing settings. Media promotion includes forming the manner in which social issues are talked about in the media to fabricate support for changes in open strategy. By working straightforwardly with neighborhood papers, TV, and radio to change both the measure of inclusion the media give and the substance of that inclusion, media advocates would like to impact the manner in which individuals talk and consider a social or open policy12. Media education is a more current interchanges methodology planned for showing youngsters basic review abilities. Media proficiency programs s how kids how to break down and comprehend the media messages they experience so they can all the more likely comprehend what they’re truly being approached to do and think. Deductions about a program adequacy depends on three things: (1) proportions of key develops, for example, hazard and defensive factors or procedures, indications, issue, or different results, and program execution, constancy, or investment; (2) an examination plan that figures out which members are being inspected, how and when they will be surveyed, and what intercessions they will get; and (3) measurable investigations that model how those given a mediation vary on results contrasted and those in a correlation condition 19 Before, experts and analysts saw substance misuse avoidance not quite the same as the counteraction of other conduct medical issues. Be that as it may, proof demonstrates that the populaces are fundamentally influenced by these covering issues just as components that add to these issues. In this manner, upgrades in a single territory as a rule impactsly affect the other. As indicated by the Substance Abuse and National Health Services Administration, not all individuals or populaces are at a similar danger of creating social medical issues. Numerous youngsters have more than one conduct issue. These scatters can collaborate and add to the nearness of different issue. Other than broad exploration archiving solid relations between numerous issues, it’s not in every case clear what prompts what. Mental and physical wellbeing is likewise associated. Great emotional well-being regularly adds to great physical wellbeing. Similarly, the nearness of emotional wellness issue, including substance misuse and reliance, is regularly connected with physical wellbeing issue too (OConnell, 2009). One significant progression that has been as of late made is from The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, adding another inquiry highlight to its National Registry of Evidence-based Programs and Practices (NREPP) Web website. The component permits clients to recognize NREPP intercessions that have been assessed in near adequacy research contemplates. Both the Obama Administration and the U.S. Congress have supported extra interests in relative adequacy examination to improve open comprehension about which human services mediations are best in various conditions and with various patients. The new NREPP highlight can give added data to States and networks trying to figure out which psychological well-being and substance misuse avoidance and treatment mediations may best address their requirements. The Surgeon General’s takes note of that â€Å"effective interventi

Caecilians, the Snake-Like Amphibians

Caecilians, the Snake-Like Amphibians Caecilians are a dark group of thin bodied, limbless creatures of land and water that from the outset look like snakes, eels and even night crawlers. Their nearest cousins, be that as it may, are better-realized creatures of land and water like frogs, amphibians, newts, and lizards. Like all creatures of land and water, caeciliansâ have crude lungs that empower them to take in oxygen from the encompassing air, however vitally, these vertebrates likewise need to assimilate extra oxygen through their clammy skin. (Two types of caecilians need lungs totally, and accordingly are totally reliant on osmotic breath.) A few types of caecilians are amphibian and have slim blades running along their backs that empower them to travel through water effectively. Different species are essentially earthbound and invest a lot of their energy tunneling underground and chasing for bugs, worms and different spineless creatures utilizing their intense feeling of smell. (Since caecilians need to remain clammy to remain alive, they look as well as carry on much like night crawlers, once in a while demonstrating their face to the world except if theyve been removed by a spade or a thoughtless foot). Since they for the most part live underground, present day caecilians have little use for a feeling of sight, and numerous species have incompletely or altogether lost their vision. The skulls of these creatures of land and water are pointed and comprise of solid, melded bones-adjustments that empower caecilians to drill through mud and soil without harming themselves. Because of the ring-like folds, or annuli, that encompass their bodies, a few caecilians have a very worm like appearance, further befuddling individuals who dont even realize that caecilians exist in any case! Strangely, caecilians are the main group of creatures of land and water to recreate by means of inward insemination. The male caecilian embeds a penis-like organ into the cloaca of the female and keeps it there for a few hours. Most caecilians are viviparousthe females bring forth live youthful, instead of eggsbut one egg-laying animal categories takes care of its young by permitting the infant hatchlings to gather the external layer of the moms skin, which is all around loaded with fat and supplements and replaces itself at regular intervals. Caecilians are found fundamentally in the wet tropical districts of South America, Southeast Asia, and Central America. They are generally across the board in South America, where they are particularly crowded in the thick wildernesses of eastern Brazil and northern Argentina. Caecilian Classification Animalia Chordata Amphibian Caecilian Caecilians are partitioned into three groups:â beaked caecilians, fish caecilians, and basic caecilians. There are around 200 caecilian species generally; some without a doubt presently can't seem to be distinguished, prowling in the insides of impervious downpour woodlands. Since they are little and effectively corrupted after death, caecilians are not all around spoke to in the fossil record and thusly very little is thought about the caecilians of the Mesozoic or Cenozoic times. The most punctual realized fossil caecilian is Eocaecilia, a crude vertebrate that lived during the Jurassicâ period and (in the same way as other early snakes) was outfitted with little, minimal appendages.

Tallahassee

Tallahassee Tallahassee tal?has ´e [key], city (1990 pop. 124,773), state capital and seat of Leon co., NW Fla.; inc. 1825. Tallahassee is a wholesale trade and distribution center for the surrounding lumber, livestock, and agricultural area. The state government, Florida State Univ., and Florida Agricultural and Mechanical Univ. are major sources of employment. Lumber and wood products are manufactured, and food is processed. The city, which was one of the fastest-growing U.S. cities in the late 20th cent., lies in a hilly region known for its lakes, springs, forests, and picturesque gardens. When Hernando De Soto arrived there in 1539, he found a flourishing Apalachee settlement. Spanish missionaries and settlers followed, but the Apalachee village remained the major settlement until Tallahassee was founded (1824) as the capital of the Florida Territory. The ordinance of secession was adopted there in 1861. The city successfully resisted Union attempts to capture it; a nearby state monumen t marks the site of the battle of Natural Bridge (Mar., 1865), where Tallahassee cadets helped repel a Union attack. The capitol (1845; remodeled 1901) contains the state library. The graves of Prince Achille Murat (Napoleon I's nephew) and his wife are there. The city is noted for its old homes and antebellum charm. Nearby are Apalachicola National Forest and Wakulla Springs. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Poverty in China - 1079 Words

12/3/14 Poverty in China FRIDAY October seventeenth was Chinas first official â€Å"Poverty Alleviation Day†, a yearly assembly of discussions and pledge drives, intended to rally deliberations to battle hardship. Obviously, because of Chinas quick financial advancement, the nation as of now assuages a great deal of destitution every day: a year ago the quantity of rustic poor fell by 16.5m or in excess of 45,000 individuals every day. However that still left 82.49m individuals stuck in country lack of sanitization toward the end of 2013, as indicated by official measurements. A few places in China are more awful off than they look. Their luxurious city structures mask devastated populaces, as per Xinhua, the state news office.†¦show more content†¦By what method would it be a good idea for us to change over that 5.35 Yuan into dollars? The World Bank reports that Chinas 2005 per capita GDP of 14,185 Yuan was proportionate to $4,965 at obtaining force equality. As such, 2.86 Yuan in China in 2005 could purchase as much as one dollar in America in that year. At that rate, Chinas destitution line is comparable to $1.87 in 2005 obtaining force equality dollars, very nearly half higher than the World Bank’s standard. Anyway that swapping scale is focused around a value examination of all merchandise and administrations, over the entire economy. We are just intrigued by buyer merchandise and administrations. Chinas customer costs have a tendency to be a bit less shoddy, with respect to world norms, than its different costs. As per the 2011 International Comparison Program (ICP), Chinas shopper costs were 5.4% higher than costs over its economy as an issue. In the event that that was additionally the case in 2005, then Chinas destitution line is proportional to $1.77 in America that year or around 40% higher than the worldwide standard. There is one last trouble. The World Banks line is focused around utilization. Chinas line is focused around salary. What poor people acquire is not so much the same as what they devour. Somebody acquiring over $1.77 every day, sparing a ton of it, and expending short of what $1.25 willShow MoreRelatedUrban Poverty in China1798 Words   |  8 PagesOver the past two decades, China has experienced rapid economic growth, which has also brought about a rise in social and economic inequality. A nation that once operated under the principle of egalitarianism, China now struggles with a level of inequality that has surpassed most of its East Asia neighbours. In the 1980’s, poverty was a problem restricted mainly to rural areas, but recently it has forayed into urban areas as well. 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Accordingly, Cheney and MacEwan (1966) assess that the function of aid is to enable the economy to expand through its ability toRead MoreGlobalization Has Changed The Economic Condition Of A Country Or The Lives Of People995 Words   |  4 Pageswest was that thousands years ago China, India and Arab countries develop technologies, the idea of mathematics and science before it was adapted and extensively developed by the Europeans. Many of us believe science, technology and mathematics came from Europe, but in fact Europeans develop the existing ideas and take it to the next level. (Sen , 2015) To find out the efforts of globalization for economic growth in a nation, lets look at the global economy of China. Firstly, comparing Chinese economicRead MoreHow Globalisation has affected developing countries in the Asia - pacific region1609 Words   |  7 Pageseconomy. China, which is one of the developing countries, is said to be the next economic super power. Many guru economists such as Lawrence Summers predict that in the opening decades of the 21st century, china will match the US and Japanese economies. China currently ranks seventh strongest economy on a global scale. China s economic success has not been confined to raw economic growth, especially with a huge trade surplus of over 40 billion according to world guide from 1998. China has an annual

Keystone Species Animals With Critical Roles

A keystone species is a species that plays a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community and whose impact on the community is greater than would be expected based on its relative abundance or total biomass. Without the keystone species, the ecological community to which it belongs would be greatly altered and many other species would be negatively impacted. In many cases, a keystone species is a predator. The reason for this is that a small population of predators is able to influence the distribution and numbers of many prey species. Predators not only affect prey populations by reducing their numbers, but they also alter the behavior of prey species--where they forage, when they are active, and how they select habitats such as burrows and breeding grounds. Although predators are common keystone species, they are not the only members of an ecological community that can serve this role. Herbivores too can be keystone species. For example, in the Serengeti, elephants act as keystone species by eating young saplings such as acacia that grow in the vast grasslands. This keeps the savannas free of trees and prevents it from gradually becoming a woodland. Additionally, by managing the dominant vegetation in the community, elephants ensure that grasses thrive. In turn, a wide variety of other animals benefit such as wildebeests, zebras, and antelopes. Without grasses, populations of mice and shrews would be reduced. The concept of a keystone species was first introduced by University of Washington professor, Robert T. Paine in 1969. Paine studied a community of organisms that inhabited the intertidal zone along Washingtons Pacific coast. He found that one species, the carnivorous starfish Pisaster ochraceous, played a key role in maintaining the balance of all other species in the community. Paine observed that if Pisaster ochraceous was removed from the community, the populations of two mussel species within the community grew unchecked. Without a predator to control their numbers, the mussels soon took over the community and crowded out other species, greatly reduced the communitys diversity. When a keystone species is removed from an ecological community, there is a chain reaction throughout many parts of the community. Some species become more numerous while others suffer population declines. The plant structure of the community may be altered due to increased or decreased browsing and grazing by certain species. Similar to keystone species are umbrella species. Umbrella species are species that provide protection for many other species in some way. For example, an umbrella species might require a large amount of habitat. If the umbrella species remains healthy and protected, then that protection also protects a host of smaller species as well. Keystone species, because of their proportionately large influence on species diversity and community structure, have become a popular target for conservation efforts. The reasoning is sound: protect one, key species and in doing so stabilize an entire community. But the keystone species theory remains a young theory and the underlying concepts are still being developed. For instance, the term was originally applied to a predator species (Pisaster ochraceous), but now the term keystone has been extended to include prey species, plants, and even habitat resources.

Should Public Schools Require Student Uniform Free Essays

A school uniform is a specific design for clothing designated to be worn while attending academic classes at a school. The school context comprises grades one through twelve of public and private schools in the United States. Different schools and different grades within schools may have different uniforms, as determined by parents and school administration. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Public Schools Require Student Uniform? or any similar topic only for you Order Now In today’s society all public schools should require student uniform. These generations of school kids are more worried about how your hair looks, what name brand clothes you have on, and also what kind of shoes are on your feet. These kids are worried about all the wrong things. Instead of worrying about their peer’s attire they should be into their books. Worrying about all the wrong things can be distracting. When ones focus is on something other than what’s important can cause sidetracking. â€Å"We are under no illusions that it’s a silver bullet that is going to make kids smarter,† school board President Pedro A. Ramos said last week. â€Å"We do think it will improve school climate. It removes a lot of anxiety and stress from lives of our students and parents,† (Johnston). To understand why this is an issue, let us look at the problem, why the problem is significant, whom the problem affects, why others’ attempts have failed, and how I propose to solve the problem. This is an everlasting debate that whether school uniforms should be worn or casual clothing is as good. And like most of the popular debate in the world it has no concrete answer, it totally depends on a person’s beliefs actually. For some it is a benefit for others a disadvantage. I believe public schools should require students to wear uniforms. First wearing school uniforms promotes good discipline. Second it reduces distractions. Thirdly it is a far less expensive to buy school uniforms than many other clothes. The problem is that public schools should require student uniform. Having all students wear uniform causes the students to focus more on school and not each other. In today’s generation, requiring uniforms would take a lot of the pettiness and bullying over fashions and brands out of the schools. Today in most schools kids spend most of their time judging others by their attire rather than personality. Worrying about other things such as what everyone else is wearing takes attention off of learning and turns it onto attire. Is students paid less attention on what others were wearing and focus on school they would do much better in school. Most times when kids look down on other kids about their clothing it is a sign of bullying. Bullying starts when one person messes with another because they think they’re superior to the other person. It can also start by cliques forming and one clique talking about another clique’s apparel. Gang-related issues are pretty prevalent as a reason for using dress codes,† which often prohibit caps, earrings for boys, beepers, baggy clothes, and other gang-linked paraphernalia, says Jay Butler of the NSBA. School districts generally have found the codes â€Å"effective,† though not a cure-all, he said (Tyson). Students are affected by the schools wanting them to wear uniform. They are affected because what students wear is a s ign of their own identity and individuality. Allowing students to wear what they want allows them to express how they feel not only through their character but the way they dress. Many students feel as though taking away the ability for them to wear what they want will not stop violence, failed grades, and also bullying. Most teachers and parents believe that when students wear uniform they don’t have to worry about appropriate versus inappropriate clothing. Also, fighting in the morning about what they can and can’t wear to school. According to at Brunsma at â€Å"The Journal of Education Research† and Rockquemore of University of Notre Dame, such creative hindrance encourages a power dynamic among students and faculty: If students feel inferior to faculty, they may also feel unsupported. This dynamic can impede their ability to focus in school, which can lead to behavioral issues (Foster). But in most schools that don’t require uniforms, it is common for a teen or preteen student to feel pressure to wear trendy clothing lest she/he be viewed as economically disadvantaged or different. This is a big controversy between students and adults also between adults and adults. Having school uniforms in public schools is very important. Many people may ignore the signs that school uniform is a big issue in today’s schools, but others understand the need for these uniforms. One big problem is that when you give kids the ability to wear what they want that gives them a chance for freedom of expression. School uniforms stifle self -expression, and the development of the self is as integral as the development of the mind. Experts believe that there is no stopping self -expression in the psychological development of children and teenagers, and that more inappropriate means of expression will arise if clothing is restricted (Directory of Schools). To eliminate the use of derogatory clothing between young public school kids uniform should be rewarded. Having uniform will lower the parents having to fight with the child every morning with what they can and cannot wear to school. People that have attempted to try to get public schools to enforce school uniforms have failed in many different ways. They have failed because many people believe that just giving children uniforms will not stop them from bullying. Children bully others on the way they look such as the way other’s hair look, what type of sneakers they have on, and their classification. If school codes are already hard to enforce why they should put another problem on the staff’s hands. Sharp decreases in school crime reported by some districts that switched to uniforms have encouraged others to â€Å"follow suit. † In one prominent example, after Long Beach, Calif. , became the nation’s first district to require uniforms at elementary and middle schools in 1994, crime dropped 36 percent among the 60,000 students (Tyson). Many people have so many different beliefs when it comes to school uniform. I propose to solve this problem by obtaining a survey. I will have two different surveys. I will survey 100 public school children and 100 parents. I will ask everyone the same question. I will ask public school students do they believe uniforms are the best thing for the students. Why? Before I give the survey I will collect information online about why public schools should enforce the use of uniforms. I will then give them the information I found about or why public schools take on the effort to have student uniforms. After that I would tell them my position on the public school uniforms conflict and that I like the idea. Finally, when all the data is collected from the survey I will tally the votes up and give them to the School Board of Education. In conclusion, because of the bullying that goes on with non-school uniforms, public schools should have school uniforms. Public school uniforms are very important and critical because there will not be a differentiation between rich or poor. Like for girls whose shirts are cut lower, or if a boy wears those checkered shorts that they seem to love so much. But with uniforms all of that is taken away because everyone will be wearing the same thing. I know your first questions will be: â€Å"But where’s the individuality? † But it can still be there. Kids who roll their sleeves up or fold their collars differently, or who tuck their shirts in or leave them out. There are a LOT of factors to keep in mind. So just to talk about a child individuality and to not protect the other kids that can get emotionally, mentally, and physically damaged by just one word because of what regular clothes they have on is unacceptable. How to cite Should Public Schools Require Student Uniform?, Essays

Woolworths Limited Segmentation - Targeting And Positioning Free Sample

Question: Discuss about theSegmentation,Targeting and Positioning of Woolworths Limited. Answer: Evaluation of Marketability of Woolworths Limited: Woolworths Limited has been engaged in retailing activities in relation to providing groceries, home products, day to day necessities coupled with offering clothing line and fashion accessories. The company controls majority of Australias retailing market owing to heightened degree of market exposure. The variability in its product prices results towards the company succeeding to cater to the demand to a large number of market segments. The company has focused towards maintaining its market share through potentially aligning itself with authenticity and freshness in its products. Segmentation Pertaining to Woolworths: Segmentation relates to dividing total markets onto several different sections based upon multiple criteria comprising of demographical features, socio economic features and product characteristics amongst others (Kotler et al. 2015). Each segment comprises of consumers with similar quantum of product or service preferences coupled with similar consumption pattern of the product in question. The different segments that relates to the demographical features of consumers comprises of the age of the consumers, the gender that the consumer belongs with, the average education levels of the consumers. Gender play a significant role towards the inception and development of large number of retailing services and products owing to the fact a particular product is designed to cater to a particular gender. The clothing and homecare product has been differentially manufactured based upon the deviations in the preference levels of its consumers belonging to different genders. Segregation of retailing products based upon the age levels is a significant policy for mitigation of overstocking or inventory obsolescence. The infants with age group below 5 are provided with large sets of infant food products, this is followed by consumers with 6-17 years of age and finally is concluded with catering to the requirements of consumers who are above 55 years of age. Further, the segmentation in relation to the income levels of consumers has in turn facilitated the different sets of initiatives in the procurements of products from the producers or manufacturers. This is resultant from the fact that the purchasing power of prospective clients tends to dictate the growth rate of a particular product. Moreover, for a particular product line the real demand for a product can be evaluated through the actual income levels of the clients. Targeting: Targeting comprises of identification of a market segment by a firm and thereby catering to that particular segment in order to accomplish its objectives of revenue generation (Kumar and Zia 2016). Woolworths primary target has been the household segment of the retail market, this is reflected by the high quantum of sales that has taken place in terms of sales of groceries followed by home products. Moreover, the company has introduced large sets of women wear and fashion accessories aiming towards targeting the young female consumers. Further, the market share in the retailing industry in Australia has been largely dominated by Woolworths, this can be attributed from the fact that Woolworths commands over three fourths of the Australian retail market (Woolworths Online. 2016). Positioning: Positioning encompasses translating the preferences of the consumers and facilitating a distinct place in a particular market segment amongst the current sets of products catering to the particular segment (Kumar and Zia 2016). Positioning entails steps that facilitate retention of brand image onto the psyche of consumers through different sets of brand positioning initiatives. Woolworths tends to focus towards alienating itself from its competitors through promotional activities that reiterates the companys slogan of providing the fresh foods to its consumers (YouTube, 2016). The company has initiated its marketing campaigns in a manner that emphasizes upon streamlining deliverance of its products directly from farmers onto the store shelves. Moreover, Woolworths has correlated the purchase of its products with supporting Australian farmers thereby creating a highly positive perception of its products. The introduction of loyalty schemes in the form of Everyday Reward through issuance of shopping cards has been undertaken in order to improve the overall shopping experience for its consumers and thereby differentiate itself amongst other retail providers. The company has been promoting reliability and platform providing one stop solution to numerous household needs. Further, the advent of online shopping has been capitalized by the company with increasing levels of exposure to both current and prospective clients (Gordon 2012). The changing preference levels of clients can be evaluated in a streamlined manner. This is owing to the assimilation and synthesis of clients behavioral analytics and on site activities by the visitors on the company website (Hanssens et al. 2014). Woolworths limited can benefit highly from implementation of Big Data analytics along with installation of artificial intelligence programs in order to facilitate better overview of customers behavioral patterns and thereby frame better informed marketing strategies. References: Gordon, R., 2012. Re-thinking and re-tooling the social marketing mix.Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ),20(2), pp.122-126. Hanssens, D.M., Pauwels, K.H., Srinivasan, S., Vanhuele, M. and Yildirim, G., 2014. Consumer attitude metrics for guiding marketing mix decisions.Marketing Science,33(4), pp.534-550. Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L. and Armstrong, G., 2015.Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. Kumar, N.S. and Zia, M., 2016. A Three Dimensional Vertical Differentiation Model: Implications for Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning.Targeting and Positioning (April 3, 2016). Woolworths Online. (2016). Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworths.com.au/ [Accessed 16 Oct. 2016]. YouTube. (2016). Woolworths: The Fresh Food People. HD. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W8uvoEsLFo0 [Accessed 16 Oct. 2016].